Colonoscopy

Colonoscopy is a test used for evaluating:

• Large intestine,
• The terminal portion of the small intestine.

Technique

• This procedure is performed under the anaesthesia.
• In this technique through the anus a colonoscope is inserted to examine the inner structures.
• A biopsy is recommended in case of any suspicion, or an endotherapy can be done for the bleeding lesions.

Indications for colonoscopy are

• Bleeding from the anus
• Loose motions with blood in stool
• Pain in the lower abdomen
• Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) or ultrasound showing a mass in the colon
• Suspicion of ulcers in small bowel
• Screening colonoscopy in older individuals (>50 years) for early detection of cancer/premalignant lesions

Therapeutic indication for colonoscopy includes:

• Polypectomy
• Endotherapy of bleeding ulcers
• Stenting of the colon in malignancy associated obstruction